--- title: Ferrari · HICONIUM description: The benchmark every other marque is measured against. canonical_url: https://hiconium.com/manufacturers/ferrari image: https://hiconium.com/og/marque/ferrari.png --- > HICONIUM · Index: https://hiconium.com/llms.txt · Every page: append `.md` or send `Accept: text/markdown`. > Path: [Home](https://hiconium.com/) › [Manufacturers](https://hiconium.com/manufacturers) › Ferrari > On this page: [The essential Ferraris](#the-essential-ferraris) · [Every Ferrari on file](#every-ferrari-on-file) · [Supercars](#supercars) · [Icona](#icona) · [Hybrid Era](#hybrid-era) · [Berlinetta · Special Series](#berlinetta--special-series) · [Gran Turismo · V12](#gran-turismo--v12) · [Gran Turismo · Four Seats](#gran-turismo--four-seats) · [Boxer & Testarossa](#boxer--testarossa) · [Vintage · 1948–1973](#vintage--19481973) · [One-offs & Special Projects](#one-offs--special-projects) · [Maranello, measured by its competition cars.](#maranello-measured-by-its-competition-cars) ![Ferrari — manufacturer stage](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/stage/ferrari.jpg.w1920.q75.webp) [Manufacturers  /  Ferrari](https://hiconium.com/manufacturers) # Ferrari Maranello, Italy · est. 1947 Maranello, measured by its competition cars. Ferrari road cars carry lessons from the track. V12 berlinettas and limited halo cars form the collector thread; documentation connects each example to its history. Models 46 Top value €60M Period 1947– [Explore models](https://hiconium.com/manufacturers/ferrari#essential) [Manufacturer profile](https://hiconium.com/manufacturers/ferrari#house-profile) ![Ferrari — manufacturer stage](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/stage/ferrari.jpg.w1920.q75.webp) Curated entry points ## The essential Ferraris Three cars that explain the manufacturer: its origins, its engineering peak and the shape of its modern ambition. [1959–1963 ### 250 GT SWB Berlinetta Road car and race winner in one body — the definitive dual-purpose Ferrari. Collectibility 97 / 100 Indicative value €9.5M](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-gt-swb-berlinetta) [1987–1992 ### F40 The last car Enzo signed off — raw, twin-turbo, no electronics. Collectibility 97 / 100 Indicative value €2.6M](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/f40) [2013–2016 ### LaFerrari The first hybrid halo — 963 hp from V12 and KERS. Collectibility 95 / 100 Indicative value €3.8M](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/laferrari) Complete catalogue ## Every Ferrari on file 46 models · 9 families By family Sort Filter ## Supercars 6 Maranello’s flagship line — each one the fastest, most advanced Ferrari of its day, built in deliberately small numbers. The thread that runs from the 288 GTO to the F80. [1984–1987 · 2 variants 288 GTO The Group B homologation special that started Ferrari’s modern supercar bloodline. €3.4M 25 sales · median $4.89M 92 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/288-gto) [1987–1992 · 4 variants F40 The last car Enzo signed off — raw, twin-turbo, no electronics. €2.6M 126 sales · median $3.17M 97 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/f40) [1995–1997 · 2 variants F50 A detuned F1 V12 bolted straight to the tub. 349 built. €5.5M 35 sales · median $5.47M 94 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/f50) [2002–2004 · 2 variants Enzo The carbon-era halo named after the founder himself. €3.5M 46 sales · median $5.61M 93 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/enzo) [2013–2016 · 3 variants LaFerrari The first hybrid halo — 963 hp from V12 and KERS. €3.8M 44 sales · median $3.95M 95 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/laferrari) [2025–2027 F80 The latest halo: a 1,200 hp twin-turbo V6 hybrid, 799 built. €3.6M 90 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/f80) ## Icona 3 A series of limited, design-led specials that reinterpret Ferrari’s own past — the barchettas of the 1950s, the Daytona racers — with today’s running gear. [2019–2021 Monza SP1 A single-seat speedster with no roof and no windscreen. €1.9M 86 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/monza-sp1) [2019–2021 Monza SP2 The two-seat twin to the SP1 — 810 hp, V12 barchetta. €2M 87 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/monza-sp2) [2022– Daytona SP3 A mid-V12 homage to the 1967 Daytona 1-2-3, 599 built. €2.8M 90 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/daytona-sp3) ## Hybrid Era 1 Maranello electrified in series: twin-turbo V8s with three electric motors, the front axle purely electric — the SF90 made a thousand cavalli the new top of the range. [2019–2025 · 4 variants SF90 Stradale The first series plug-in Ferrari — 1'000 cv, electric front axle. €480k 86 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/sf90-stradale) ## Berlinetta · Special Series 5 Lightweight, harder-edged editions of the mid-engined V8 cars — built in limited runs, the picks of each generation and the ones that hold their money. [2003–2004 · 8 variants 360 Challenge Stradale The road-legal Challenge racer — the spiritual father of the specials. €320k 19 sales · median $335.62K 84 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/360-challenge-stradale) [2007–2009 · 2 variants F430 Scuderia Stripped, 510 hp; the 16M Spider added open-top drama. €280k 82 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/f430-scuderia) [2013–2015 · 2 variants 458 Speciale The last naturally-aspirated V8 special — 9,000 rpm. €380k 25 sales · median $790.28K 88 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/458-speciale) [2018–2020 · 2 variants 488 Pista Twin-turbo, 720 hp, lifted straight from the Challenge car. €460k 31 sales · median $694.23K 85 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/488-pista) [2025– · 2 variants 296 Speciale The V6-hybrid special — 880 hp from Maranello’s smallest engine. €460k 83 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/296-speciale) ## Gran Turismo · V12 6 The classic Ferrari layout — a big V12 up front, two seats, a long bonnet. The collectible picks are the limited and homologation versions of each generation. [1968–1973 · 2 variants 365 GTB/4 “Daytona” The last front-V12 of the classic era; the Spider is a seven-figure car. €700k 192 sales · median $660K 90 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/365-gtb-4-daytona) [1996–2006 · 4 variants 550 / 575 Maranello The V12 GT reborn; the Barchetta and Superamerica are the prizes. €250k 114 sales · median $324K 78 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/550-575-maranello) [2010–2012 · 4 variants 599 GTO The fastest road Ferrari of its day — 599 built, the GTO name returned. €750k 38 sales · median $913.06K 86 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/599-gto) [2015–2017 · 3 variants F12 tdf A 770 hp, rear-steer homage to the Tour de France; 799 built. €900k 27 sales · median $1.09M 88 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/f12-tdf) [2021–2023 · 2 variants 812 Competizione The send-off for the naturally-aspirated V12 — 9,500 rpm, 999 built. €850k 87 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/812-competizione) [2024– · 2 variants 12Cilindri The current front-V12 flagship, naturally aspirated to the last. €420k 76 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/12cilindri) ## Gran Turismo · Four Seats 1 Ferrari's family side — the 2+2 tradition that led to the first four-door: V12s up front, seats for four, volumes kept deliberately scarce. [2023– · 2 variants Purosangue The first four-door Ferrari — 725-cv V12, active suspension, capped at 20%. €440k 75 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/purosangue) ## Boxer & Testarossa 3 Ferrari’s mid-engined flat-12 road cars — the wedge Berlinetta Boxer and the wide, strakes-and-all Testarossa that defined the look of the 1980s. [1973–1984 · 3 variants 365 GT4 BB / 512 BB The first mid-engined road Ferrari — flat-12, impossibly low. €320k 55 sales · median $279.58K 82 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/365-gt4-bb-512-bb) [1984–1991 · 4 variants Testarossa The poster car of the decade; values are climbing hard. €160k 103 sales · median $239.35K 80 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/testarossa) [1991–1996 · 2 variants 512 TR / F512 M The final, best-developed flat-12s; the F512 M is the rare one. €220k 44 sales · median $281.85K 81 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/512-tr-f512-m) ## Vintage · 1948–1973 13 The cars that built the name and now sit at the very top of the market — coachbuilt V12 berlinettas and spiders from the Maranello of Enzo himself, led by the 250 GTO. [1948–1953 · 3 variants 166 Inter / MM The first cars to wear the Ferrari name — Touring barchettas. €3M 13 sales · median $2.63M 85 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/166-inter-mm) [1956–1959 · 2 variants 250 GT Berlinetta "Tour de France" The early competition 250 — named for dominating the Tour de France Automobile. €6M 94 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-gt-berlinetta-tour-de-france) [1957–1963 · 2 variants 250 GT California Spider The most desirable open classic Ferrari; the covered-headlight SWB leads. €12M 98 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-gt-california-spider) [1957–1962 · 2 variants 250 GT Cabriolet Pininfarina The elegant open tourer — the rare Series I trades in the millions. €1.9M 86 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-gt-cabriolet-pininfarina) [1959–1963 · 3 variants 250 GT SWB Berlinetta Road car and race winner in one body — the definitive dual-purpose Ferrari. €9.5M 97 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-gt-swb-berlinetta) [1962–1964 · 2 variants 250 GTO The prestige apex — 36 built, the most valuable car in the world. €60M 100 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-gto) [1963–1965 250 LM The last Ferrari to win Le Mans outright — mid-engined, ultra blue-chip. €14M 96 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-lm) [1963–1964 250 GT Lusso The prettiest road 250 — Pininfarina elegance, actively traded. €1.7M 88 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/250-gt-lusso) [1964–1968 · 2 variants 275 GTB/4 Four-cam V12 berlinetta; the NART Spider is a $25M car. €3.2M 143 sales · median $2.87M 93 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/275-gtb-4) [1963–1972 · 3 variants 330 / 365 The civilised V12 GTs that bridged the classic and modern eras. €1.4M 265 sales · median $366.65K 84 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/330-365) [1956–1964 · 5 variants 400 / 410 Superamerica The bespoke, super-fast flagships built for royalty and tycoons. €4.5M 25 sales · median $2.54M 88 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/400-410-superamerica) [1964–1966 · 2 variants 500 Superfast A 12-cylinder gran turismo built in just 36 examples. €2.8M 15 sales · median $1.6M 86 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/500-superfast) [1967–1974 · 3 variants Dino 206 / 246 GT The pretty mid-V6 — the bargain entry into vintage Maranello. €450k 101 sales · median $390.51K 83 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/dino-206-246-gt) ## One-offs & Special Projects 8 Cars built for a single client through Ferrari’s Special Projects programme, plus the great design studies. By definition the rarest things the factory makes. [1970 · One of one Modulo Pininfarina’s sliding-canopy spaceship — a one-off design legend. €5M 80 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/modulo) [2009 · One of one P540 Superfast Aperta The car that launched the modern Special Projects programme. €2.5M 78 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/p540-superfast-aperta) [2012 · One of one SP12 EC Built for Eric Clapton, themed on his beloved 512 BB. €3M 79 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/sp12-ec) [2014 · One of one F12 TRS A roofless, speedster F12 — two made, both spoken for. €4M 80 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/f12-trs) [2019 · One of one P80/C The most extreme one-off track car of the programme. €5.5M 82 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/p80-c) [2020 · One of one Omologata A front-V12 one-off in the spirit of the 1960s racers. €4.5M 81 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/omologata) [2022 · One of one SP48 Unica A reskinned F8 for a single, very lucky client. €2.8M 77 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/sp48-unica) [2023 · One of one KC23 A track-only one-off with butterfly doors and active aero. €3.5M 78 Open the file](https://hiconium.com/vehicles/ferrari/kc23) The house ## Maranello, measured by its competition cars. Enzo Ferrari built road cars to fund his racing. That order of priorities never changed, and it is the reason a Ferrari road car still feels like a competition machine that happens to be registered for the street. From the V12 grand routiers of the 1950s to the twin-turbo F40 and today’s hybrid halo cars, Maranello has produced more blue-chip collectibles than any other manufacturer — including the 250 GTO, the most valuable car in the world. No marque carries a stronger name on a title document. A Ferrari with the right history, the right colour and an unbroken chain of ownership sets the ceiling the rest of the market looks up to. Founded 1947 The 125 S was the first car to carry the Ferrari name. Home Maranello, Italy The factory and racing identity remain central to the marque. Core layout V12 grand tourers The front-engined twelve-cylinder line anchors the early catalogue. Collector focus Competition lineage Limited road cars and period history shape the strongest examples. Selected milestones ### A bloodline, not a list. 1. 1947 The first Ferrari The 125 S establishes Ferrari as a manufacturer in its own right. 2. 1962 The 250 GTO era The competition-focused 250 becomes the reference point for a dual-purpose Ferrari. 3. 1987 F40 A stripped, twin-turbo flagship makes the supercar line a defining modern chapter. 4. 2013 Hybrid halo LaFerrari brings hybrid assistance to the marque flagship while retaining a V12 at its core. What defines Ferrari ### Racing first The road-car story is closely tied to Ferrari competition programmes and homologation thinking. ### V12 continuity Front-engined V12 grand tourers form a long-running reference line across the catalogue. ### History matters For collectible examples, period specification, provenance and ownership records remain material. The hands ## Who drew and built the Ferrari files 5 names in the register stand behind this manufacturer. Each has a file of their own, following the work wherever it went. - [Flavio Manzoni Design director at Maranello — LaFerrari through the F80. 14 files · design design 14 files](https://hiconium.com/people/flavio-manzoni) - [Sergio Scaglietti Hammer-formed the competition bodies in Modena. 5 files · coachwork coachwork 5 files](https://hiconium.com/people/sergio-scaglietti) - [Leonardo Fioravanti Pininfarina’s hand on the Daytona, the Testarossa and the F40. 3 files · design design 3 files](https://hiconium.com/people/leonardo-fioravanti) - [Gioacchino Colombo Drew the first Ferrari V12, the seed of the 250 line. One file · engineering engineering 1 file](https://hiconium.com/people/gioacchino-colombo) - [Giotto Bizzarrini Chief engineer of the 250 GTO. One file · engineering engineering 1 file](https://hiconium.com/people/giotto-bizzarrini) [The whole register of people](https://hiconium.com/people) The mark ## A pilot’s horse, a mother’s wish. Ravenna, 1923: Enzo Ferrari wins at the Savio circuit and is received by the parents of Francesco Baracca, Italy’s greatest fighter ace, who had flown a prancing horse on the side of his aircraft. Countess Paolina’s suggestion survives in a single line — put my son’s horse on your cars, it will bring you luck. Ferrari kept the horse black, as Baracca painted it, and set it on canary yellow: the colour of Modena, his home town. The badge first raced on the Scuderia’s Alfa Romeos at the Spa 24 Hours in July 1932 — and won. It has been on everything since. ![Ferrari crest, 1932–1947](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/history/ferrari/crest-1932.png.w1920.q75.webp) 1932–1947 The Scuderia’s shield — Baracca’s horse over the S F, first worn at Spa in 1932. ![Ferrari crest, 1947–1951](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/history/ferrari/logo-1947.png.w1920.q75.webp) 1947–1951 Onto Ferrari’s own cars with the 125 S — the road badge becomes a rectangle, the name beneath the horse. ![Ferrari crest, 1951–1981](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/history/ferrari/logo-1951.png.w1920.q75.webp) 1951–1981 The long-serving cut — tricolore above, script below, three decades on every nose. ![Ferrari crest, 1981–1994](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/history/ferrari/logo-1981.png.w1920.q75.webp) 1981–1994 A heavier horse in a silvered frame. ![Ferrari crest, 1994–2002](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/history/ferrari/logo-1994.png.w1920.q75.webp) 1994–2002 Flattened and brightened — the yellow turns electric. ![Ferrari crest, 2002–](https://hiconium.com/_derived/images/marques/history/ferrari/crest-2002.png.w1920.q75.webp) 2002– The modern redraw: a more muscular horse, the tricolore fused to a single band.